Qetellong ea thibelo ea seoa sa lefats'e, indasteri e ncha ea thekiso e tsoetse pele ka potlako, ka nako e ts'oanang, taolo ea sephethephethe e matlafalitsoe, sekhahla sa ho kenella ha lihlahisoa tse ncha se eketsehile, 'me literaka tsa lipalangoang tsa lefats'e li qalile ho hola. . Indasteri ea litšebeletso tsa motheo ea lefats'e e tsitsitse, tlhokahalo ea lipalangoang tsa thepa e tala ea boenjiniere ka linako tse ling ea phahama 'me ka linako tse ling e oa,' me literaka tse boima tsa lefats'e tsa boenjiniere li qalella nts'etsopele.
Taba ea pele, phepelo ea thepa e tala e lekane, mme tebello ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea literaka e pharalletse
Literaka, tse tsejoang hape ka hore ke literaka, hangata li bitsoa literaka, tse sebelisoang haholo ho tsamaisa thepa, 'me ka linako tse ling li bua ka likoloi tse khonang ho hula likoloi tse ling, tsa sehlopha sa likoloi tsa khoebo. Literaka li ka aroloa ka literaka tse nyane, tse bobebe, tse mahareng, tse boima le tse boima haholo ho latela boima ba lithane tsa tsona, tseo literaka tse bobebe le literaka tse boima e leng mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea literaka mose ho maoatle. Ka 1956, feme ea pele ea Likoloi ea Chaena Changchun, Profinseng ea Jilin, e ile ea hlahisa teraka ea pele ea lehae New China - Jiefang CA10, eo hape e neng e le koloi ea pele New China, e bulang tšebetso ea indasteri ea likoloi ea Chaena. Hajoale, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea likoloi ea China e batla e holile, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa se utloahala butle butle, phetoho e ntse e eketseha, likoloi tsa China li ile tsa qala ho kena 'marakeng oa machaba ka bongata,' me indasteri ea likoloi e fetohile e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tsa bohlokoa tsa naha ea China. moruo.
Karolo e kaholimo ea indasteri ea literaka ke lisebelisoa tse tala le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea literaka, ho kenyeletsoa tšepe, polasetiki, tšepe e se nang tšepe, rabara, joalo-joalo, e etsang foreimi, phetisetso, enjene le likarolo tse ling tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea literaka. Bokhoni ba teraka bo matla, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea enjene li phahame, enjene ea diesel e amanang le matla a enjene ea peterole e kholoanyane, sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea matla se tlase, se ka fihlela litlhoko tsa thepa ea lipalangoang, kahoo boholo ba literaka ke diesel. dienjini e le mohloli oa matla, empa literaka tse ling tse bobebe li boetse li sebelisa peterole, khase ea peterole kapa khase ea tlhaho. Ho fihla bohareng ke baetsi ba likoloi tse felletseng, 'me baetsi ba literaka ba ikemetseng ba China ba kenyelletsa China First Automobile Group, China Heavy Duty Automobile Group, SHACMAN heavy truck Manufacturing, joalo-joalo. Ho theosa le indasteri ea lipalangoang, ho kenyeletsoa lipalangoang tsa thepa, lipalangoang tsa mashala, lipalangoang tsa thepa e hlakileng. joalo joalo.
Bophahamo ba teraka bo batla bo le boholo, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e rarahane, 'me lisebelisoa tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke tšepe le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa boleng bo holimo tse nang le boima bo phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa kutu, e le ho haha lihlahisoa tsa teraka tse nang le nako e telele le bophelo bo bolelele. tshebetso e betere. Ka kholo e tsoelang pele ea moruo o moholo, tlhahiso ea China, kaho le liindasteri tse ling li tsoela pele ho hola, ho khothaletsa katoloso e potlakileng ea matla a tlhahiso ea tšepe, le ho fetoha matla a lefats'e a tlhahiso ea tšepe le papatso. Ka 2021-2022, e anngoeng ke "seoa se secha sa coronavirus", moruo oa China ka kakaretso o theohile, merero ea kaho e theohile, 'me indasteri ea tlhahiso e se e qalile ho theoha, e le hore theko ea thekiso ea tšepe e theohe "lefika", le tse ling tse ikemetseng. likhoebo li hatelletsoe ke 'maraka,' me katleho ea tlhahiso e fokotsehile. Ka 2022, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea China e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.34, keketseho ea 0.27%, 'me sekhahla sa kholo se fokotsehile. Ka 2023, molemong oa ho khothaletsa kholo ea moruo le ho ntlafatsa maemo a indasteri, mmuso o fana ka maano a mangata a lithuso ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea liindasteri tsa mantlha, ho tloha kotara ea boraro ea 2023, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea China e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.029. , keketseho ea 6.1%. Tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tse tala ho tsosolosa kholo, phepelo ea 'maraka le tlhokahalo li atisa ho leka-lekana, theko ea kakaretso ea lihlahisoa e fokotseha, ho thusa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea literaka hore li laoloe ka katleho, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea moruo oa indasteri, ho hohela matsete a mangata, ho atolosa karolo ea' maraka oa indasteri.
Ha ho bapisoa le likoloi tse tloaelehileng, literaka li ja matla a mangata 'me li hlahisa matla a mangata ho tloha mollong oa diesel, o thusang ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla nakong ea ts'ebetso ea literaka. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tse anngoeng ke maemo a machaba, linaha tse ling li na le mathata a matla khafetsa, litheko tsa oli e tala tsa machaba li ntse li phahama, 'me indasteri ea likoloi ea Chaena e tsoetse pele ka potlako, tšebeliso ea motlakase ea bolulo le indasteri e ntse e eketseha, ho atolosoa ha 'maraka oa diesel, le ho eketseha ho phahameng. ho itshetleha ka ntle. E le ho fokotsa ho se leka-lekane lipakeng tsa phepelo ea diesel le tlhoko, China e ekelitse matsapa a ho eketsa polokelo le tlhahiso ea oli le khase le ho eketsa phepelo ea diesel. Ka 2022, tlhahiso ea diesel ea Chaena e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 191, keketseho ea 17.9%. Ho tloha kotara ea boraro ea 2023, tlhahiso ea diesel ea Chaena e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 162, keketseho ea 20.8% ka nako e tšoanang ka 2022, sekhahla sa kholo se eketsehile, 'me tlhahiso e haufi le tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea diesel ka 2021. Leha ho na le bohlokoa ba bohlokoa. phello ea diesel tlhahisong e ntseng e eketseha, e ntse e sitoa ho fihlela tlhoko ea 'maraka. Theko ea disele ea China e ntse e le holimo. E le ho kenya ts'ebetsong litlhoko tsa tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ea naha, mohloli oa oli ea diesel o fetohile butle-butle ho matla a tsosolositsoeng a kang biodiesel 'me butle-butle a atolosa karolo ea' maraka. Ka nako e ts'oanang, literaka tsa China li kene butle-butle tšimong ea matla a macha, 'me qalong li hlokometse literaka tse boima tsa motlakase kapa tsa peterole-motlakase ho kena' marakeng ho fihlela litlhoko tsa 'maraka oa kamoso.
Sekhahla sa kholo ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri se theohile, 'me matla a macha a kene butle-butle indastering ea literaka
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, China e khothalelitse kholo ea litoropo ka matla, ho phahama ha indasteri ea khoebo ea e-commerce, thepa e hloka ho tsamaisoa kapele le ka nepo lipakeng tsa libaka tse fapaneng, ho phahamisa tlhoko ea 'maraka oa literaka oa China. Mmaraka oa thepa o ntse o tsoela pele ho futhumala, kholo ea tlhokahalo ea matla e hlakile, 'me nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea thepa le lipalangoang e khanna ka matla nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea literaka,' me ka 2020, tlhahiso ea literaka tsa China e tla ba li-unit tse limilione tse 4.239, keketseho. ea 20%. Ka 2022, matla a matsete a thepa e sa fetoheng a ntse a fokola, 'maraka oa bareki oa lehae oa fokola,' me maemo a naha a likoloi a ntlafatsoa, e leng se bakang ho theoha ha lebelo la thekiso ea thepa tseleng ea China le ho theoha ha tlhoko ea thepa ea literaka. Ntle le moo, e anngoeng ke inflation ea lefats'e, theko ea thepa e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa e ntse e phahama, khaello ea sebopeho sa li-chips tse ikemetseng e ntse e tsoela pele, likhoebo li hatelloa ke mebaraka ea phepelo le ea ho bapatsa, mme nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa literaka e fokotsehile. Ka 2022, tlhahiso ea literaka tsa China e ne e le li-unit tse limilione tse 2.453, tse theohileng ka 33.1% selemo le selemo. Qetellong ea ho koaloa ha seoa sa naha, indasteri e ncha ea thekiso e tsoetse pele ka potlako, ka nako e ts'oanang, taolo e ngata ea sephethephethe e matlafalitsoe, sekhahla sa ho kenella ha lihlahisoa tse ncha se eketsehile, 'me literaka tsa China tsa ho tsamaisa thepa li qalile ho hola. Leha ho le joalo, ho putlama ha indasteri ea litšebeletso tsa motheo le ho fokotseha ha tlhoko ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea boenjiniere ho fokolitse ho hlaphoheloa le nts'etsopele ea literaka tse boima tsa boenjiniere tsa China. Ho tloha kotara ea boraro ea 2023, tlhahiso ea literaka tsa China e ne e le li-unit tse limilione tse 2.453, ho nyoloha ka 14.3% ho tloha nakong e tšoanang ka 2022.
Tsoelopele ka kakaretso ea indasteri ea likoloi e khothaletsa kholo ea moruo oa China, ha e ntse e potlakisa ho senyeha ha tikoloho ea tikoloho naheng ea China, 'me boleng ba moea libakeng tse tsoetseng pele moruong bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho theoha, bo bakang tšokelo ho bophelo bo botle ba baahi. E le ho finyella ho phela hammoho ka kutloano ha motho le tlhaho, Chaena e sebelisitse leano la "khabone e habeli", ka ho lokisa sebopeho sa matla, ho sebelisa matla a hloekileng sebakeng sa matla a lahloang, ka matla ho nts'etsapele moruo oa khabone e tlase, le ho felisa tsoelopele ea moruo oa China. ho itšetleha ka matla a tsoang linaheng tse ling, kahoo, literaka tse ncha tsa matla li fetohile sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa 'marakeng oa likoloi. Ka 2022, thekiso ea literaka tse ncha tsa matla tsa China e eketsehile ka 103% selemo le selemo ho ea ho li-unit tse 99,494; Ho tloha ka January ho ea ho April 2023, ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Mokhatlo oa China Automobile Circulation, palo ea thekiso ea literaka tse ncha tsa matla Chaena e ne e le 24,107, e leng keketseho ea 8% ka nako e tšoanang ka 2022. Ho latela pono ea mefuta e mecha ea literaka tsa matla, Likarete tse nyane tsa matla tsa China le literaka tse bobebe li ile tsa ntlafatsoa pejana, 'me literaka tse boima li ile tsa hlaha kapele. Ho phahama ha moruo oa litoropo le ho thella ho ekelitse tlhokahalo ea likarete tse nyane le literaka tse bobebe, 'me literaka tse bobebe tse ncha tse nang le matla joalo ka literaka tsa motlakase le tse nyalisitsoeng li theko e tlase ho feta literaka tsa setso, e tsoela pele ho khothaletsa sekhahla sa ho kenella ha literaka tse bobebe tse ncha. Ho tloha kotara ea boraro ea 2023, theko ea thekiso ea literaka tse ncha tsa matla Chaena e ne e le li-unit tse 26,226, keketseho ea 50.42%. Ka ntlafatso ea butle-butle ea ts'ebeliso e ntle ea ts'ebeliso ea matla a macha, mokhoa oa "karohano ea motlakase oa koloi" o nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea lipalangoang, o fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tšebeliso ea mafura, 'me o khothaletsa thekiso ea mebaraka ea literaka tse boima ba theknoloji e phahameng ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. Ho tloha kotara ea boraro ea 2023, thekiso e ncha ea literaka tse matla tsa China e eketsehile ka 29.73% selemo le selemo ho ea ho li-unit tsa 20,127, 'me lekhalo le nang le literaka tse khanyang tsa matla a macha le ile la fokotseha butle-butle.
Nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa thepa e ntse e ntlafala,' me indasteri ea literaka e ntse e tsoela pele ho ea bohlaleng
Ka 2023, moruo oa lipalangoang oa China o tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala butle, ka lebelo le hlakileng la ntlafatso kotareng ea boraro. Phallo ea batho ho pholletsa le libaka e fetile tekanyo ea nako ea pele ho seoa sena, palo ea thepa le phallo ea thepa ea boema-kepe e bolokile kholo e potlakileng, 'me tekanyo ea matsete a thepa e tsitsitseng ea lipalangoang e ntse e le holimo, ho fana ka tšehetso ea lipalangoang bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ka katleho. Moruo oa Chaena. Ho tloha karolong ea boraro ea 2023, palo ea lipalangoang tsa thepa ea Chaena e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 40.283, keketseho ea 7.1% ka nako e tšoanang ka 2022. Har'a bona, lipalangoang tsa litsela ke mokhoa oa setso oa Chaena oa lipalangoang, ha o bapisoa le lipalangoang tsa terene, litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang tsa litsela ke e batlang e le tlase, 'me e pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa, ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa lipalangoang tsa fatše Chaena. Likarolong tse tharo tsa pele tsa 2023, palo ea lipalangoang tsa lipalangoang tsa China e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 29.744, e leng karolo ea 73.84% ea kakaretso ea palo ea lipalangoang, e leng keketseho ea 7.4%. Hona joale, tsoelo-pele ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa moruo e ntse e eketseha, tekanyo ea 'maraka oa lipalangoang ho pholletsa le moeli o ntse o eketseha, ka nako e ts'oanang, tsela e kholo ea Chaena, tsela ea naha, ts'ebetso ea kaho ea litsela ea liprofinse e ntse e eketseha, Inthanete ea lintho, theknoloji ea digital. kahong ea litsela tse bohlale, ho thusa nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa thepa oa China, tlhoko ea literaka e ntse e eketseha.
Ho hlaha ha mahlale a macha le lits'ebetso tse ncha li fetola sebopeho sa 'maraka oa thepa, ka mahlale a hlahang joalo ka thekenoloji ea ho khanna e ikemetseng, Marang-rang a Lintho le bohlale ba maiketsetso bo nolofalletsang ho tsamaisa literaka, ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea lipalangoang le polokeho, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso. Ka tlholisano e matla tseleng ea likoloi le ts'ebetsong ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri e liehang, likhoebo tse etelletseng pele indastering li se li qalile ho rala maano a joalo ka ho khanna motho a le mong le ho khanna ntle le motho ho ntlafatsa tlholisano e fapaneng. Ho latela feme ea lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka Countpoint, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa likoloi tse se nang mokhanni o fihlile ho $9.85 bilione ka 2019,' me ho lebelletsoe hore ka 2025, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa likoloi tse se nang mokhanni o tla fihla ho $55.6 bilione. Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, lik'hamphani tse ngata lefats'eng ka bophara li ile tsa qala mofuta oa pele oa likoloi tse se nang mokhanni, 'me tsa sebelisa lihlahisoa tsena maemong a mangata a ts'ebeliso e kang tšubuhlellano ea sephethephethe, boikoetliso ba likotsi le likarolo tse rarahaneng. Likoloi tse sa khanneng li sekaseka maemo a litsela ka sistimi ea li-in-board sensing, li sebelisa cloud computing ho rera litsela, 'me li sebelisa bohlale ba maiketsetso ho laola koloi hore e fihle moo e eang, e leng theknoloji e sitisang tlhahiso-pele indastering ea likoloi.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, SHACMAN e boima teraka tlhahiso, FAW Jiefang, Sany Heavy Indasteri le likhoebo tse ling tse etellang pele ba tsoela pele ho etsa boiteko tšimong ea literaka bohlale le melemo botekgeniki, 'me inertia ea likoloi tshebetsong ea lipalangoang teraka e khōlō, nako buffer nako. e telele, ts'ebetso ea theknoloji e bohlale e phahame, 'me ts'ebetso e thata haholoanyane. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse sa fellang, Chaena e thehile merero e fetang 50 e sa khanneng ea merafo, e koahelang merafo eo e seng ea mashala, merafo ea tšepe le maemo a mang, le ho sebelisa likoloi tse fetang 300. Lipalangoang tsa literaka tse se nang mokhanni libakeng tsa merafo ka katleho li ntlafatsa katleho ea mesebetsi ea merafo le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi ba merafong, 'me sekhahla sa ho phunyeletsa ha theknoloji e sa khanneng indastering ea literaka e tla ntlafatsoa le ho feta nakong e tlang, ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea boleng bo phahameng ba indasteri.
Nako ea poso: Oct-12-2023
